Range of joint motion evaluation chart name of patient client identification number. Pdf reliability of the active knee extension test and the straight. Interrater and intrarater reliability of the active knee extension ake test among healthy adults. Relationship between active knee extension and active. Knee flexed 100o knee extended 100o degrees degrees degrees degrees right knee flexed. In the analysis, we need to bear in mind the factors that may influence the results objective. Joint range of motion data using a goniometer goniometers available from. Comparing hamstring muscle length measurements of the. Then, in that position, extend your knee bringing your foot up to the ceiling. The angle of knee flexion represents hamstring tightness. To do this, lie on your back and bend your hip to 90 degrees so your knee is pointing straight up at the ceiling.
Although widely used clinically, only a few studies have been performed to determine the test reliability. The activekneeextension test ake and the straightlegraise test slr are widely used for flex ibility assessment. The 9090 test, also known as the active knee extension ake hamstring flexibility test, measures hamstring flexibility, particularly when the hip is flexed. An injured meniscus will cause significant pain as it gets pinched with knee extension. The active knee extension ake test is a reliable and valid assessment of posterior thigh flexibility that was used in this study6. Active knee extension hamstring flexibility test the active knee extension hamstring flexibility test is used to assess the range of active knee extension in a position of hip flexion. The active knee extension test can be used as an accurate assessment tool to evaluate hamstring muscle length.
The ake test is an active test that involves movement at the knee joint, and most considers it safe, as the patient dictates the end point of movement. Interrater and intrarater reliability of the active knee extension ake test among healthy adults mohamad shariff a hamid1, mohamed razif mohamed ali2, ashril yusof3 1 unit of sports medicine, faculty of medicine, university of malaya. Reliability of the active and passive knee extension test in acute hamstring injuries article in the american journal of sports medicine 418 june 20 with 187 reads how we measure reads. The view from the side detects any recurvatum or lack of complete extension. The active knee extension test and slump test in subjects. Testing and measurement are the means of collecting information upon which subsequent performance evaluations and decisions are made. The slr test specificity has been questioned, as it is also widely used as a neurological test. Exercise heel slides knee extension range of motion with foot resting on a towel roll fourway leg lifts with brace locked in extension. The purpose of this study was to examine intratester reliability of a test designed to measure tightness in the hamstring muscles. This study examined the intratester and intertester reliability of an active knee extension test aket for determining hamstring muscle length flexibility. Movement control dysfunction mcd reduces active control of movements.
Jmdted as well lumbar locked er active unilateral ext. A more functional hamstring flexibility test may be a better measure of hamstring. Lengthening the hamstrings without stretching 1 active knee extension test duration. Lachmans test or in 90 degrees of flexion with foot stabilized normal is. Passive knee extension test to measure hamstring muscle. In the scientific literature, other an gular tests such as the active straight leg raise 25,37, passive knee extension 25,26, 33, 34 and active knee extension tests 8,25,30 have been used. In the present study, measurements of knee arom were performed using the active knee extension test, a commonly used field test with published test retest and intertester reliability6. Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine. With the patient lying supine, force the knee into full extension by pushing down on the kneecap. Methods to assess hamstring flexibility include the straightlegraising slr test, sit and reach sr test and active knee extension ake test 1, 4, 5. The active knee extension test ake and the straightlegraise test slr are widely used for flexibility assessment.
Pdf interrater and intrarater reliability of the active. A slightly reclined leg extension so the hip is not completely flexed. The aim of this study was to assess universal goniometer and electrogoniometer reliability in measuring knee angle during active knee extension test. The aket measures the knee extension angle once the. Reliability of an activekneeextension test for determining hamstring muscle flexibility. Some difference in rom between dominant and non dominant sides of the body exists in some motions other than knee extension.
The knee was passively extended by a standardized force, while. Use a towel roll under ankle to promote knee extension never place anything under the operative knee. Joints shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle. A joints rom is usually measured by the number of degrees from the starting position of a segment to its position at the end of its full range of the movement. The active knee extension test aket is one assessment technique that is used to measure hamstring muscle length as a risk factor for sustaining a hamstring injury 8 this test involves active knee extension, and is considered safe, as the patient dictates their end of range 8.
After an instruction session for the subjects, the. Its nature and clinical significance physiological quadriceps lag. How to get rid of muscle knots in your neck, traps, shoulders, and back duration. The diagnosis is based on the observation of active movements. Reliability of the active knee extension test and the straight leg raise test in subjects with flexibility deficits authors. Extension 0o flexion 150o pronation 80o supination. However, in most studies, the sample involved subjects with normal flexibility. Five hundred and two healthy schoolchildren aged between 9 years were recruited from selected schools in india, and their hamstring flexibility for the right and the left leg was measured using. Intertester reliability of a selfmonitored active knee. If medial meniscal injury, feel click whand on knee w extension. Reliability of the activekneeextension and straightleg. Interrater and intrarater reliability of the active knee. Patellar tendon and quadriceps tendon repair rehab protocol.
Hamstring stretches frequency required to maintain knee. Note the various velcro straps used to secure the box to the table, and to maintain the subjects alternate leg at 0. A seated leg extension that has the hip at maximal flexion very upright will reduce tension on the rectus femoris when the knee is fully extended. Active knee range of motion assessment in elite track and. Active knee range of motion assessment in elite track and field. Active knee extension test is a way to assess hamstring shortness in patients with chronic low back pain. Regarding active knee range of motion, no statistically significant differences were found between the dominant and the non dominant leg, in accordance with other studies16. The active knee extension test aket and passive knee extension test pket are proven to be reliable in healthy subjects. The test can also measure tightness of the hamstring muscles. Knee extension range of motion the twofactor repeated anova found a significant effect for time p knee extension rom for the stretch groups and the control group. The active knee extension test and slump test in subjects with perceived hamstring tightness article in international journal of osteopathic medicine 83.
Reliability of the active knee extension test and the straight leg raise test in subjects with flexibility. But if you want to get a bit more scientific, theres a more accurate and reliable test known as the active knee extension ake test. Pdf reliability of the active knee extension test and. Research report the active knee extension test and slump. Universal goniometer and electrogoniometer intraexaminer. A comparison between active knee extension test and back. Reliability has not been determined in patients with acute hamstring injuries. The active knee extension test is used to assess hamstring muscle length and. Reliability of an activekneeextension test for determining. Phase ii maximum protection phase weeks 06 expected visits. Sidelying with test limb superior to the supporting limb. Intraclass correlation coefficients icc were used to calculate intratester and intertester reliability.
A goniometer and digital photography were used to measure. Useful for athletes more than casual gym users, this can help to prevent injury. One arm cradles test limb around thigh with hand supporting underside of knee. The purpose of the passive knee extension test is to examine the joint range and its quality of movement. The patient is positioned in supine with the hip of the tested leg in 90 degrees of flexion. Request pdf the active knee extension test and slump test in subjects with perceived hamstring tightness background reduced hamstring extensibility is commonly assumed to be due to stiffness. Three testers performed repeated aket measurements on 22 subjects. Fortytwo asymptomatic subjects mz21, fz21, mean age 23.
The active knee extension ake test involves movement at the knee joint but not the hip, while the slr test involves movement of both the hip and knee joints, making it more dif. Some authors do, however, consider the validity of goniometric measurements to be limited, since two dimensional goniometry is only an estimation of three. The test measures the angle of knee flexion with a pendulum goniometer after active knee extension with the hip stabilized at 90 degrees flexion. Patients with mcd might form an important subgroup among patients with non specific low back pain. Moreover, the slr test is a passive test, the end point of which is dependent on the force administered by the tester. Introduction joint flexibility is defined as the range of motion rom allowed at a joint. After an instruction session for the subjects, the hamstring. Describe objective evidence of edema, effusion, instability, tenderness, redness, heat. The rectus femoris crosses the knee and hip joints. Further, the ake test aided by a metal rig and straps to limit pelvic and leg motion as a stabilizing apparatus showed a high intrarater correlation coefficient when conducted within 30. Bend hip and knee at right angles so thigh is vertical and lower leg is horizontal.
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